Relationship between respiratory and circulatory diseases among adults and air temperature / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BackgroundHuman-induced climate change will affect the lives of most populations in the next decade and beyond. The impact of meteorological conditions on human health has been reported globally. There is a need to conduct surveys for correlation between climate change and human health.GoalTo study the impact of air temperature on human health in selected aimags and city districts.Materials and MethodsIn order to study how climate change and air quality parameters affect human health we selected Zavhan, Selenge, Dornod, and Umnugobi aimags which represent different climate zones and 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city during 2009-2011. All data for respiratory system disease J00-J99, circulatory system disease I00-I99, were collected from soum, district’s hospital, and aimag and soum’s Department of health.ResultsDuring the study period, a total number of 8649 incidences of respiratory disease are registered. From them 74.2 percent are influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18), 17.6 percent are other acute lower respiratory infections (J20- J22), and 8.2 percent are asthma (J45-J45.9). For cardiovascular disease 15288 incidences are registered. From them 65.6 percent are hypertensive disease (I10-I15), 23.6 percent are ischemic heart disease, and 10.8 percent are cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69). The lower the air temperature, higher the incidence of influenza and pneumonia, acute lower respiratory infections, hypertensive, and ischemic heart disease.ConclusionsCold weather is correlated with a higher incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Results of Study of Mongolian Pupil’s Learning Abilities / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

INTRODUSTION: There have been limited research studies done in Mongolia on health status of children in relation to density of children in school classrooms.GOAL: This study aims to evaluate learning ability of children in Mongolia and develop recommendations for next intervention measures.MATERIALS AN METHODS: A total of 1440 children were surveyed in a cross sectional study that included 6 classes from 6 secondary schools of UB city, Uvurhangai and Dornod aimags. The test of letter drawing created by of V.Ya.Anfi mova was used to evaluate the pupil’s learning skills. This test was performed at the fi rst and last classes in each day of which was tested at the beginning (I quarter or September) and end (IV quarter or May) of the academic year.For each tests we accounted the mean of drawing letter, mean of mistake for 500 letter and standard deviation.RESULTS: The results of pupil’s letter drawing tests were compared by quarter for fi rst and last classes in each day. Pupil’s learning ability of class 4 was enough while other classes were not enough (P index 1) on the fi rst and last tests.CONCLUSION: Pupil’s learning ability has been changed by the same way of physiological adaptation process of child.Pupil’s learning ability had been decreased in last tests of each day and on Friday which was revealed by letter drawing test.Pupil’s learning ability of classes between 4 to 9 were not enough on the fi rst term while 4th class was good enough on the forth term (P index 1).

The Hygienic Assessment of Secondary School of Organization of Teaching and Educational Activity, Chemical and Bacterial Contamination On Teaching Environment / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

NEED FOR STUDY AND GOAL: There is no data available on pupil’s health with relation to the school environmental condition and organization of educational activities in Mongolia. Therefore, the goal of the study was to assess organization of the educational activities and conduct hygienic assessment of chemical and bacteriological contamination in the school environment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1440 children were surveyed in this cross sectional study from the 6 secondary schools of UB city, Uvurhangai and Dornod aimags.Hygiene conditions of school was assessed and organization of educational activities evaluated by class timetable and pupil’s notes of daily regime.RESULT: Timetable of lessons: It was observed that in some cases teachers’ taught to primary pupils Mathematics and Mongolian language for 2 sequential hours, depending on some indexes such as lesson content, capacity and student’s activity. According to timetable of lessons of the secondary schools, pupils have lessons for 32-34 hours in a week. It was revealed that most schools have 2-3 hours more than standard timetable and heavy lessons were taught for 2-3 sequential hours. For the secondary classes, average length of classes was 32-34 hours in a week which indicates 2-3 hours longer timetable. There was no special place for physical training and movement games etc where pupil can do physical exercise, relax and enjoy school life. DAILY REGIME: pupils have been spending most of their time watching TV and listening music and spending few hours to help housework, to read a book and to prepare meal. Urban pupils spent total of 0.5-1 hour for coming to school and going to home but rural pupils spent 20-30 minutes approximately. RESULT OF THE LABORATORY ANALYSIS: The bacteriological analysis of 36 classes in schools showed that before lesson, 94.4% of classes were clean while 5.6% was contaminated in first season of school year. After the lesson, percentage of classes without contamination had been dropped to 88.8% and classes with contamination had been increased to 11.2%. In the 4th season of school year, before lesson 61.6% of classes was clean and 16.6% was contaminated and 22.3% was highly contaminated. Moreover, after the lesson, classes without contamination had been dropped to 27.7% while 72.3% was at high level contamination.CONCLUSION: 1. Time table of lessons and break time management is inadequate in the schools and 32-39.1% of pupils do not follow the daily regime. 2. In the end of day, chemical and bacteriological contamination increased in the classes.